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Among large economies, the United States is second only to Australia in the amount of carbon dioxide it emits per capita, according to the latest figures from the federal Energy Information Administration. “Every person you add to the country makes all these tremendous demands on the environment,” said Joel E. Cohen, chief of the Laboratory of Populations at Rockefeller University and Columbia University. But experts are reluctant to suggest an ideal birth rate. “There isn’t any magic number,” Dr. Cohen said.
