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Stewart Cole and colleagues determined the complete genome sequence of

Given the unprecedented scale of the recent Ebola and Zika viral

Protein lysine fatty acylation is increasingly recognized as a prevalent

Limited experimental tools are available to study the consequences of

The landmark 1969 discovery of nuclear RNA polymerases I, II and III in

BACKGROUND: Previous studies identified several separate risk factors

PIEZO1 is a mechanosensitive channel that converts applied force into electrical signals. Partial molecular structures show that PIEZO1 is a bowl-shaped trimer with extended arms. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy to show that PIEZO1 adopts different degrees of curvature in lipid vesicles of different sizes. We also use high-speed atomic force microscopy to analyse the deformability of PIEZO1 under force in membranes on a mica surface, and show that PIEZO1 can be flattened reversibly into the membrane plane. By approximating the absolute force applied, we estimate a range of values for the mechanical spring constant of PIEZO1. Both methods of microscopy demonstrate that PIEZO1 can deform its shape towards a planar structure. This deformation could explain how lateral membrane tension can be converted into a conformation-dependent change in free energy to gate the PIEZO1 channel in response to mechanical perturbations

Background: Hyperactivity of the IL-23/IL-17 axis is central to plaque